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The \u2018feudal lord\u2019 collects publications like a zealous stamp collector, without really asking themselves what the purpose of it all really is. In the beginning, the purpose seems obvious: the postdoc collects publications to qualify for an assistant professorship, and the assistant professor collects publications to qualify for associate professor. The associate professor to\u00a0 professorship, etc. etc.<\/p>\n
The \u2018lord\u2019 can never get enough publications<\/h3>\n
But somewhere along the way, the number of publications becomes a goal in itself. And there is a need for consenting labour power for the production apparatus. In the role as a \u2018feudal lord\u2019, you risk acquiring a number of bad habits over time. The bad habits include letting unpaid labour make a significant contribution to the hard work of scientific study with a bare minimum of counselling in exchange. The bad habits are also more subtle. The supervisor does not have to move out of the comfort zone of their own\u00a0 knowledge. When s\/he supervisors, new ideas and methods are often written off as superficial.<\/p>\n
The \u2018lord\u2019 has difficulty with the role of co-author. S\/he would like to contribute \u2018it would also be interesting to study x\u2019 comments in the article manuscript’s commentary thread, but does not understand how the role of co-author \u2013 unlike, say, the thesis supervisor role \u2013 is covered by the Vancouver rules that mean they need to have made a significant contribution to achieve co-authorship.<\/p>\n
The supervisor using the apprenticeship approach understands this. This supervisor understands that part of the point of a PhD degree programme is that the scholar must learn to manage a research process. This means that the supervisor must, at some point, submit to the PhD student\u2019s own management. Otherwise, they will not learn it, right?<\/p>\n
We shape the researchers of the future \u2014 what types do we want?<\/h3>\n
As a supervisor, you have a choice. Whether you want to take on a role as supervisor using the apprenticeship approach or as a feudal lord. In a system that continues to reward the number of publications, it is tempting to take on the role as feudal lord: Get a swarm of PhD students to do the hard work and keep the fruits of this work to yourself.<\/p>\n
The \u2018lord\u2019 is found in all of us who have passed the PhD level, and who continue to take a salary at the university. But we decide ourselves how much this style should define our supervision, and how much space apprenticeship should have. Sometimes the lord within us will have us believe that we have no choice. That we are simply operating in a system in which a wealth of publications is crucial for an academic career. But: We decide ourselves how feudally we want to play the game.<\/p>\n
Just as supervisors are different, PhD students are of course different. It cannot be ruled out beforehand that some individuals expect an unreasonably high degree of supervisor service. But you don’t get much out of academia if you expect to be nursed by your supervisors. So let’s assume that the majority of PhD students are just highly skilled and would just like to do well and make their supervisors proud.<\/p>\n
One of the articles from #pleasedontstealmywork mentions that the world needs sharp, independent and inventive researchers. We \u2013 the apprentice supervisors and the feudal lords \u2013 have a large influence on how independent, imaginative and robust the researchers of tomorrow are. We need each other \u2013 young and old \u2013 we need each other’s work and consideration. In the long run, there is no space for free rides and sweet deals for any of the parties. Let us therefore rein in the feudal lord within and set our apprentices free.<\/p>\n
If we are lucky, better research will emerge from this.
\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
As senior scientists, we can choose to ignore the #pleasedontstealmywork campaign. But we could also try to learn more. I know none of the people involved in this campaign, but I recognise all the mechanisms at play.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":85,"featured_media":131718,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4539],"tags":[5353,400],"class_list":["post-132254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arbejdsmiljoe-en","tag-pleasedontstealmywork-en","tag-research","expression-opinion"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\n
Research manager: For students to flourish, we need to stop the feudal lord within us \u2014 University Post<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As senior scientists, we can choose to ignore the #pleasedontstealmywork campaign. But we could also try to learn more. 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senior scientists, we can choose to ignore the #pleasedontstealmywork campaign. But we could also try to learn more. I know none of the people involved in this campaign, but I recognise all the mechanisms at play.","use_post_excerpt":false},{"acf_fc_layout":"Content","content":"<p>Supervisors are different. There are supervisors who see their job as being a guide to show the way forward, that offers the student an apprenticeship in research design and the craft of scientific article writing.<\/p>\n<p>As a supervisor, they support the PhD student when it is time to stand on their own, grow apart from their supervisors, and start to lead their research independently. That is, someone who actually gives the PhD student the space to develop into an independent researcher. A supervisor who speaks and is silent at the right moments, keeps their hands of their work, and who supports the first author when they have to get the solve the jigsaw of co-authorships.<\/p>\n<p>At the other extreme, there are supervisors who act as feudal lords, where the PhD student never gets the opportunity to step out from the shadow of the supervisor. Here the supervisor works as if in a feudal system, where it was never the intention that those lower down would move up the hierarchy \u2013 ultimately up to the level of the feudal lords.<\/p>\n<p><strong>READ ALSO:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/pleasedontstealmywork-new-campaign-to-stop-the-theft-of-research\/\"><em>#Pleasedont stealmywork: New campaign to stop the theft of research<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"factbox\">\n<p class=\"factbox-header feature-color\">OPINION ON THE UNIVERSITY POST<\/p>\n<p>This is a featured comment\/opinion piece. It expresses the author\u2019s own opinion.<\/p>\n<p>We encourage everyone to read the whole comment before commenting on social media, so that we only get constructive contributions.<\/p>\n<p>Disagreement is good, but remember to uphold a civil and respectful tone.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The \u2018feudal lord\u2019 collects publications like a zealous stamp collector, without really asking themselves what the purpose of it all really is. In the beginning, the purpose seems obvious: the postdoc collects publications to qualify for an assistant professorship, and the assistant professor collects publications to qualify for associate professor. The associate professor to\u00a0 professorship, etc. etc.<\/p>\n<h3>The \u2018lord\u2019 can never get enough publications<\/h3>\n<p>But somewhere along the way, the number of publications becomes a goal in itself. And there is a need for consenting labour power for the production apparatus. In the role as a \u2018feudal lord\u2019, you risk acquiring a number of bad habits over time. The bad habits include letting unpaid labour make a significant contribution to the hard work of scientific study with a bare minimum of counselling in exchange. The bad habits are also more subtle. The supervisor does not have to move out of the comfort zone of their own\u00a0 knowledge. When s\/he supervisors, new ideas and methods are often written off as superficial.<\/p>\n<p>The \u2018lord\u2019 has difficulty with the role of co-author. S\/he would like to contribute \u2018it would also be interesting to study x\u2019 comments in the article manuscript’s commentary thread, but does not understand how the role of co-author \u2013 unlike, say, the thesis supervisor role \u2013 is covered by the Vancouver rules that mean they need to have made a significant contribution to achieve co-authorship.<\/p>\n<p>The supervisor using the apprenticeship approach understands this. This supervisor understands that part of the point of a PhD degree programme is that the scholar must learn to manage a research process. This means that the supervisor must, at some point, submit to the PhD student\u2019s own management. Otherwise, they will not learn it, right?<\/p>\n<h3>We shape the researchers of the future \u2014 what types do we want?<\/h3>\n<p>As a supervisor, you have a choice. Whether you want to take on a role as supervisor using the apprenticeship approach or as a feudal lord. In a system that continues to reward the number of publications, it is tempting to take on the role as feudal lord: Get a swarm of PhD students to do the hard work and keep the fruits of this work to yourself.<\/p>\n<p>The \u2018lord\u2019 is found in all of us who have passed the PhD level, and who continue to take a salary at the university. But we decide ourselves how much this style should define our supervision, and how much space apprenticeship should have. Sometimes the lord within us will have us believe that we have no choice. That we are simply operating in a system in which a wealth of publications is crucial for an academic career. But: We decide ourselves how feudally we want to play the game.<\/p>\n<p>Just as supervisors are different, PhD students are of course different. It cannot be ruled out beforehand that some individuals expect an unreasonably high degree of supervisor service. But you don’t get much out of academia if you expect to be nursed by your supervisors. So let’s assume that the majority of PhD students are just highly skilled and would just like to do well and make their supervisors proud.<\/p>\n<p>One of the articles from #pleasedontstealmywork mentions that the world needs sharp, independent and inventive researchers. We \u2013 the apprentice supervisors and the feudal lords \u2013 have a large influence on how independent, imaginative and robust the researchers of tomorrow are. We need each other \u2013 young and old \u2013 we need each other’s work and consideration. In the long run, there is no space for free rides and sweet deals for any of the parties. Let us therefore rein in the feudal lord within and set our apprentices free.<\/p>\n<p>If we are lucky, better research will emerge from this.<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"ArticleEnd"},{"acf_fc_layout":"Newsletter","lang_select":"en","identifier":"Newsletter","headline":"Get an email with our top stories","button_text":"Sign up here","class":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"OtherStories","headline":"","hand_picked_posts":true,"references":[{"reference":{"ID":132254,"post_author":"85","post_date":"2022-03-28 08:38:06","post_date_gmt":"2022-03-28 06:38:06","post_content":"Supervisors are different. There are supervisors who see their job as being a guide to show the way forward, that offers the student an apprenticeship in research design and the craft of scientific article writing.\r\n\r\nAs a supervisor, they support the PhD student when it is time to stand on their own, grow apart from their supervisors, and start to lead their research independently. That is, someone who actually gives the PhD student the space to develop into an independent researcher. A supervisor who speaks and is silent at the right moments, keeps their hands of their work, and who supports the first author when they have to get the solve the jigsaw of co-authorships.\r\n\r\nAt the other extreme, there are supervisors who act as feudal lords, where the PhD student never gets the opportunity to step out from the shadow of the supervisor. Here the supervisor works as if in a feudal system, where it was never the intention that those lower down would move up the hierarchy \u2013 ultimately up to the level of the feudal lords.\r\n\r\n<strong>READ ALSO:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/pleasedontstealmywork-new-campaign-to-stop-the-theft-of-research\/\"><em>#Pleasedont stealmywork: New campaign to stop the theft of research<\/em><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"factbox\">\r\n<p class=\"factbox-header feature-color\">OPINION ON THE UNIVERSITY POST<\/p>\r\nThis is a featured comment\/opinion piece. It expresses the author\u2019s own opinion.\r\n\r\nWe encourage everyone to read the whole comment before commenting on social media, so that we only get constructive contributions.\r\n\r\nDisagreement is good, but remember to uphold a civil and respectful tone.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe \u2018feudal lord\u2019 collects publications like a zealous stamp collector, without really asking themselves what the purpose of it all really is. In the beginning, the purpose seems obvious: the postdoc collects publications to qualify for an assistant professorship, and the assistant professor collects publications to qualify for associate professor. The associate professor to\u00a0 professorship, etc. etc.\r\n<h3>The \u2018lord\u2019 can never get enough publications<\/h3>\r\nBut somewhere along the way, the number of publications becomes a goal in itself. And there is a need for consenting labour power for the production apparatus. In the role as a \u2018feudal lord\u2019, you risk acquiring a number of bad habits over time. The bad habits include letting unpaid labour make a significant contribution to the hard work of scientific study with a bare minimum of counselling in exchange. The bad habits are also more subtle. The supervisor does not have to move out of the comfort zone of their own\u00a0 knowledge. When s\/he supervisors, new ideas and methods are often written off as superficial.\r\n\r\nThe \u2018lord\u2019 has difficulty with the role of co-author. S\/he would like to contribute \u2018it would also be interesting to study x\u2019 comments in the article manuscript's commentary thread, but does not understand how the role of co-author \u2013 unlike, say, the thesis supervisor role \u2013 is covered by the Vancouver rules that mean they need to have made a significant contribution to achieve co-authorship.\r\n\r\nThe supervisor using the apprenticeship approach understands this. This supervisor understands that part of the point of a PhD degree programme is that the scholar must learn to manage a research process. This means that the supervisor must, at some point, submit to the PhD student\u2019s own management. Otherwise, they will not learn it, right?\r\n<h3>We shape the researchers of the future \u2014 what types do we want?<\/h3>\r\nAs a supervisor, you have a choice. Whether you want to take on a role as supervisor using the apprenticeship approach or as a feudal lord. In a system that continues to reward the number of publications, it is tempting to take on the role as feudal lord: Get a swarm of PhD students to do the hard work and keep the fruits of this work to yourself.\r\n\r\nThe \u2018lord\u2019 is found in all of us who have passed the PhD level, and who continue to take a salary at the university. But we decide ourselves how much this style should define our supervision, and how much space apprenticeship should have. Sometimes the lord within us will have us believe that we have no choice. That we are simply operating in a system in which a wealth of publications is crucial for an academic career. But: We decide ourselves how feudally we want to play the game.\r\n\r\nJust as supervisors are different, PhD students are of course different. It cannot be ruled out beforehand that some individuals expect an unreasonably high degree of supervisor service. But you don't get much out of academia if you expect to be nursed by your supervisors. So let's assume that the majority of PhD students are just highly skilled and would just like to do well and make their supervisors proud.\r\n\r\nOne of the articles from #pleasedontstealmywork mentions that the world needs sharp, independent and inventive researchers. We \u2013 the apprentice supervisors and the feudal lords \u2013 have a large influence on how independent, imaginative and robust the researchers of tomorrow are. We need each other \u2013 young and old \u2013 we need each other's work and consideration. In the long run, there is no space for free rides and sweet deals for any of the parties. Let us therefore rein in the feudal lord within and set our apprentices free.\r\n\r\nIf we are lucky, better research will emerge from this.\n<!-- end of module 1 -->\n","post_title":"Research manager: For students to flourish, we need to stop the feudal lord within us","post_excerpt":"As senior scientists, we can choose to ignore the #pleasedontstealmywork campaign. But we could also try to learn more. I know none of the people involved in this campaign, but I recognise all the mechanisms at play.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"research-manager-for-students-to-flourish-we-need-to-stop-the-feudal-lord-within-us","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-03-28 09:07:45","post_modified_gmt":"2022-03-28 07:07:45","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/forskningsgruppeleder-vi-skal-toejle-vores-indre-herremaend-m-k-saa-vores-studerende-kan-blomstre\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}},{"reference":{"ID":130536,"post_author":"79","post_date":"2022-02-25 08:00:36","post_date_gmt":"2022-02-25 07:00:36","post_content":"When PhD student at the Department of Political Science Maria Toft returned from maternity leave, she brought back new ideas to share with her research group. But the collaboration with the project\u2019s senior researchers quickly turned sour.\r\n\r\n\u00bbMy ideas were independent ideas, but they would not recognize that,\u00ab Maria Toft says about the two senior scientists. They claimed that the ideas were their ideas just as much as hers.\r\n\r\n\u00bbResearchers plagiarising other people's work or ideas happens unfortunately more often than you would think. I have heard from many who have also experienced this, but who cannot, or dare not, say no,\u00ab she says.\r\n\r\nA young researcher may have written a scientific article, but then come under pressure to share authorship with others \u2013 often older \u2013 researchers. Or maybe they discover that another researcher has taken credit for the original ideas or hypotheses that they came up with.\r\n\r\nThat is why Maria Toft has\u00a0 \u2013 with the Danish association for PhDs PAND \u2013 taken the initiative for a new campaign called #pleasedontstealmywork.\r\n\r\n\u00bbThis is a problem that many of us PhD students know exists, and which we discuss,\u00ab says Luisa Hedler, who is co-chairperson of PAND.\r\n<h3>The weakest link<\/h3>\r\nInspired by #MeToo, its campaign under the hashtag #pleasedontstealmywork will gather anonymous testimonies from young researchers who have themselves experienced, or seen others, get their research results, ideas or data stolen.\r\n\r\n\u00bbYou are already stressed and vulnerable doing a PhD, and we want to avoid this being made worse by having to experience your work being stolen by others. All PhD students must be able to enter into collaborations in an academic setting with confidence and without fear. You should not be afraid to talk to your colleagues for fear of theft,\u00ab she says.\r\n\r\nDisputes about authorship and plagiarism are widespread in the world of research, according to Morten Rosenmeier, an expert on copyright and a professor at the Faculty of Law at the University of Copenhagen (UCPH).\r\n\r\n\u00bbIt is crucial for a researchers' career that they have many publications in the right places, and it is therefore increasingly common for researchers to collaborate, and to mention many other researchers. The question about what it takes for you to be mentioned in work, is something that gives rise to many cases and disagreements,\u00ab he says.\r\n\r\nLuisa Hedler agrees that the pressure to publish many scientific articles helps foster a greater risk that young researchers get their ideas and analyses stolen.\r\n\r\n\u00bbThis does not happen because professors are evil,\u00ab she emphasises.\r\n\r\n\u00bbIt is the product of an academic culture, and pressure on researchers to keep publishing. In this situation that is not ideal for anyone, it is the young researchers who are the ones that are negatively affected by it. We are the weakest link.\u00ab\n<!-- end of module 1 -->\n","post_title":"#Pleasedont stealmywork: New campaign to stop the theft of research","post_excerpt":"Young researchers are seeing older colleagues stealing the credit for their ideas, data, and analyses.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pleasedontstealmywork-new-campaign-to-stop-the-theft-of-research","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-02-25 10:17:16","post_modified_gmt":"2022-02-25 09:17:16","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/pleasedont-stealmywork-ny-kampagne-vil-stoppe-forskningstyveri\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}},{"reference":{"ID":12666,"post_author":"12","post_date":"2013-05-14 12:28:38","post_date_gmt":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","post_content":"\nTo have your name included as one of the authors of an academic paper is so desirable that some scientists are willing to go to great lengths to be credited as co-authors.\r\n\r\nYounger scientists are being pressured by their seniors to include them as co-authors, says Peter Sand\u00f8e, Professor of Bioethics at the University of Copenhagen (UCPH), and jointly responsible for PhD courses in good scientific practice at the Faculty of Science, as well as Vice President of the University's Practice Committee, which deals with issues of good scientific practice.\r\n\r\n\"There is no doubt that a large amount of those credited as co-authors of academic papers ought to be on the 'acknowledgements' list instead, as their contribution has consisted of little more than giving good advice,\" says Sand\u00f8e.\r\n\r\n<h2>Negotiated authorship<\/h2>\r\n\"I am told that PhD students are told that it's the norm, or that 'this is the way we do things around here', or that it would be smart do so to establish an academic network. So in most cases they don't even question it,\" he says.\r\n\r\nBoth parties can have an interest in the practice: The established scientist has their credentials boosted, and the young scientist has their name seen alongside a well-known scientist, and gets a partner that can help get the necessary research grants to further their career.\r\n\r\nIn other cases, co-authorship is negotiated as 'payment' for allowing a colleague to use one's research data in their paper.\r\n\r\n<h2>Knowing the rules<\/h2>\r\nThe rules on what constitutes co-authorship are actually quite clear. The editors of a number of renowned scientific journals have established the so-called Vancouver Protocol, which states that for anyone to be credited as author, they have to have been involved in all three of the following:\r\n\r\n<em>1.\u00a0 Conception and design, or analysis and interpretation of data\r\n2.\u00a0 Drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content\r\n3.\u00a0 Final approval of the version to be published<\/em>\r\n\r\nBut only approximately 6,000 of 26,000 journals worldwide formally implement the Vancouver Protocol: In order to do so, all of the authors of a paper have to sign a declaration of authorship, where they clarify how they have contributed to the paper. The idea is to make scientists aware of the rules - and it is a bigger transgression to have cheated if you have to sign a declaration saying you didn't.\r\n\r\n<h2>One in five has 'cheated'<\/h2>\r\nAccording to Jacob Rosenberg, the scientific editor of <em>Ugeskrift for L\u00e6ger (Weekly for Doctors<\/em> - a Danish journal that follows the Vancouver Protocol) the rules are simple to uphold:\r\n\r\n\"Either you meet the criteria of co-authorship or you don't,\" he says. \"Once scientists have signed the declaration we believe them, but we don't really know if they are lying, so it's hard to say whether it has an effect or not. They at least cannot claim that they didn't know the rules.\"\r\n\r\nIn the few existing Danish and international surveys on co-authorship, one in five scientists say they have offered colleagues unwarranted co-authorship, and an equivalent amount received unwarranted offers to have their names included on a paper.\r\n\r\n<h2>Co-authorship as currency<\/h2>\r\nThere is also a growing trend of more and more co-authors for each scientific paper, which could be a sign of cheating. According to lecturer Claus Emmeche, Theoretical Biologist and Director of the Centre for the Philosophy of Nature and Science Studies at UCPH, there are both legitimate and illegitimate reasons for this:\r\n\r\nOn one hand, it is increasingly complicated to conduct bioscientific and medicinal research both because large amounts of funding often has to be raised for expensive equipment, and because scientists with different academic backgrounds need to come together from different fields of research.\r\n\r\nOn the other hand, there is a risk that co-authorship is becoming a form of currency, and is used a favour between friends \u2013 a pseudostrategic tool, says Emmeche, in the tough competition to get research grants and funding.\r\n\r\n<h2>Unwitting accomplices<\/h2>\r\n\"The problem is essentially built into the grant system,\" says Emmeche. \"The Head of Research has to secure the funding needed to keep the department running, so he has to spend more and more time fundraising and doing admin work, and less and less actual research. Ultimately, he might not be in the lab at all, but is still included as a co-author, because he has to have more papers on his cv to compete for funding.\"\r\n\r\nThe increasing amount of co-authors, too, is a problem in the world of science, he says. <a href=\"node\/10058\" target=\"blank\">The controversial case of neuroscientist Milena Penkowa<\/a> shows just how little transparency there is in terms of seeing who contributed with what to a paper. The panel of experts that investigated her research spent over a year doing so, in part because the panel had to contact many scientists, listed as co-authors, to clarify which work was hers and which was theirs.\r\n\r\nIn this way, it can be risky to be an unwarranted co-author \u2013 one can unwittingly become a 'partner-in-crime' if one's partner commits scientific fraud, says Emmeche.\r\n\r\n<h2>'UCPH rep. at stake'<\/h2>\r\nPeter Sand\u00f8e, who himself has processed many applications for funding, believes it is a problem that co-authorship might encourage cheating, because it can give access to funding.\r\n\r\n\"It won't do just to write a good grant application \u2013 you also have to demonstrate your academic clout \u2013 and that's typically based on the quality and amount of papers on your cv. A Penkowa-culture has emerged, where more means better, but we have to stop favouring super-human cv's, even if it means less grant money in the short-term,\" he says.\r\n\r\nHe reckons that it's time that UCPH's rectorate formally implements the Vancouver Protocol, and that the Practice Committee comes up with clearer guidelines on co-authorship, so that UCPH can develop a uniform culture of co-authorship. Otherwise the University's reputation is at risk.\r\n\r\n<h2>Times have changed<\/h2>\r\nProrector Thomas Bj\u00f8rnholm says that the Vancouver Protocol is sensible, but that he doesn't believe that UCPH ought to introduce standardised guidelines on co-authorship, as there has to be room for doing things differently. Furthermore, this isn't a problem unique to UCPH, he says:\r\n\r\n\"It's an international problem, so nothing is gained by going solo. The journal's have the key to solve this - the requirement for authors to sign a declaration stating who did what can create a collective change in behaviour among scientists,\" says Bj\u00f8rnholm.\r\n\r\nHe adds that it is hard to assess the scale of the problem. Research has changed so that it's now normal for scientists to collaborate much more than it was in the past, and that will automatically lead to more co-authorship of scientific papers. There is a good reason for the amount of co-authors to have risen, he says.\r\n\r\nThomas Bj\u00f8rnholm hastens to add that the Practice Committee of UCPH is welcome to pursue the matter.\r\n\r\nclba@adm.ku.dk\r\nuniversitypost@adm.ku.dk\r\n\r\n<em>Stay in the know about news and events happening in Copenhagen by <a href=\"http:\/\/universitypost.dk\/newsletter\" target=\"_blank\">signing up for the University Post\u2019s weekly newsletter here<\/a>.<\/em>\n","post_title":"Scientists pressured to falsely credit co-authors","post_excerpt":"Scientists need to publish to get research grants - and established scientists are demanding to be cited as co-authors on younger scientists' work. Experts say it's time for more rules","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"scientists-pressured-to-falsely-credit-co-authors","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2017-01-21 00:21:08","post_modified_gmt":"2017-01-21 00:21:08","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/?p=12666\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}},{"reference":{"ID":127192,"post_author":"9","post_date":"2021-12-20 10:10:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-12-20 09:10:00","post_content":"The most cited articles coming out of Danish universities were written by scientists you probably don\u2019t know \u2014 in fields of scientific research you may not know existed. The University Post has released <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/the-top-10-most-cited-scientific-articles-from-denmark\">a top 10 list of the most cited articles coming out of Danish universities throughout recent history<\/a>.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nWhen a scientist references another scientists\u2019 work in an article it is called a \u2018citation\u2019. A minority of scientific articles get a huge number of citations from other scientists, and the number of citations is often used as a proxy to assess an article\u2019s impact and originality.\r\n<div class=\"factbox\">\r\n<p class=\"factbox-header feature-color\">5 things IN highly cited papers<\/p>\r\n<strong>Mohamed Elgendi<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.natureindex.com\/news-blog\/five-features-highly-cited-scientific-article\">identified in 2019<\/a> five features of highly cited articles:\r\n\r\n<strong>1.<\/strong> A title of 7-13 words\r\n<strong>2.<\/strong> Common words in the titles of highly cited papers\r\n<strong>3.<\/strong> Six authors or more\r\n<strong>4.<\/strong> 35,000 characters (no spaces) at a minimum\r\n<strong>5.<\/strong> Six figures and two tables at a minimum\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\u00bbThese lists are fascinating. But they are also interesting in terms of seeing what it is that characterises a paper with a lot of citations,\u00ab says Claus Emmeche, who is an associate professor at the Research Group on History and Philosophy of Science \u00a0at the Faculty of Science. He adds that the lists \u00bbhelp answer the question: 'Why do scientists cite papers?'\u00ab\r\n<h3>Cite for many different reasons<\/h3>\r\nWhen scientists apply for funding \u2014 and when government agencies and foundations assess scientists \u2014\u00a0 it can be with reference to the number and quality of their citations, sometimes expressed as their \u2018h-index\u2019. But not all of the reasons for citing another paper have to do with the article\u2019s originality in a field, according to Claus Emmeche.\r\n\r\nThe pioneer in counting citations as a method, Eugene Garfield, mentioned a few of them in his own (see fact box lower right) seminal paper.\r\n\r\n\u00bbScientists cite to do a number of things. To pay homage to pioneers, to give credit for work, to provide background reading, to correct the work of others, to substantiate the work of others, and even to disclaim the work of others, just to mention a few of them,\u00ab says Claus Emmeche.\r\n\r\nThe University Post's list extracted and analysed the top 10 list of articles with high citation numbers from the<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scopus.com\/\">Scopus database<\/a>.<\/strong> It shows the most cited articles, all-time, and throughout recent history, by scientists who at the time of publishing were associated with a Danish university.\r\n<h3>Reveals how scientists cite<\/h3>\r\nThe list renders a surprising overview of the research coming out of Denmark that was \u2014 and is \u2014 hot among the international scientific community.\r\n<div class=\"factbox\">\r\n<p class=\"factbox-header feature-color\">Why do scientists, really, cite other scientists?<\/p>\r\nEugene Garfield, a pioneer in citation indices, listed 15 reasons why scientists cite other scientists. Not all of them are simply giving credit to original work. <strong>When scientists cite they may also be:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Identifying methodology, equipment, etc.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Providing leads to poorly disseminated, poorly indexed, or uncited work<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Disclaiming the work or ideas of others (negative claims)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Disputing priority claims of others (negative homage)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n \r\n\r\nSource: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.garfield.library.upenn.edu\/essays\/V1p084y1962-73.pdf\">'Can Citation Indexing Be Automated?'<\/a>, <strong>E. Garfield<\/strong> in Statistical Association Methods for Mechanized Documentation (1964)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nAll of the articles have had a large scientific impact. But they also reveal something about how scientists cite.\r\n\r\nTop of the list, for example, is a paper co-authored by British geologist David Harper, <a href=\"https:\/\/palaeo-electronica.org\/2001_1\/past\/past.pdf\">'Past: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis'<\/a>. He was working at the University of Copenhagen 20 years ago when this paper was released.\r\n<blockquote>Highly quoted papers have brief titles, use common words in the title, have six authors or more, are relatively long papers, and have six figures and two tables as a minimum\r\n<p class=\"quotee\">Claus Emmeche, associate professor, summarising the work of Mohammed Elgendi<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\nDavid Harper, now retired and an emeritus professor in the UK, was a pioneer in introducing numerical and statistical methods into the field of geology. He freely <a href=\"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/most-cited-danish-article-was-about-using-statistics-on-rocks-and-fossils\">admits in this interview with the University Post<\/a> that the high number of citations has a lot to do with the fact that users of his free software package were asked to cite his paper when they used the software in their own research.\r\n\r\nFurther down the list is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S037026931200857X\">2012 scientific paper announcing the discovery of the Higgs Boson particle at the CERN facility<\/a>. \u00a0It had 2,932 \u2014 yes that is right, two-thousand-nine-hundred-and-thirty-two \u2014 co-authors, some of them associated with Danish universities. It was a huge scientific achievement, and the paper announcing the discovery is no doubt on the top 10 list for good reason. But citation practices in the natural sciences play a part in it being at the top also.\r\n\r\nAnother question is what it is that characterizes highly cited papers.\r\n\r\nMohammed Elgendi, a postdoc at the University of British Columbia in Canada, recently found, according to Claus Emmeche, that \u00bbhighly quoted papers have brief titles, use common words in the title, have six authors or more, are relatively long papers, and have six figures and two tables as a minimum.\u00ab (see fact box top right).\r\n\r\nThis last point has to do with the fact that the figures and tables somehow correlate with the paper showing new work being done in the field.\r\n<h3>Different citation culture in humanities<\/h3>\r\nHighly cited papers tend to be ones that report discoveries, according to Claus Emmeche. But they are also ones that \u2018map\u2019 a field, or ones that do metaanalysis \u2014 examining a number of other studies on the same subject.\r\n\r\nThese papers will be widely read. And widely cited.\r\n\r\nIf you want to top the citation rankings as a scientist you have to do papers with many co-authors.\r\n\r\nThis is one of the reasons why humanities scholars hardly ever fare well in citation databases. Humanities and non-empirical social scientists have fewer authors, write more often books compared to articles, and have a different culture of citation. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/impactofsocialsciences\/2014\/04\/23\/academic-papers-citation-rates-remler\/\">82 per cent of humanities articles, for example, are never cited. The numbers are 27 per cent for the natural sciences and 32 per cent for the social sciences.<\/a>\r\n<h3>Multiple fields, multiple citations<\/h3>\r\nIn the natural or empirical sciences, having multiple authors on a paper has become more common in recent history. This is not just because scientists are trying to game the citation system, according to Claus Emmeche.\r\n\r\nTake an article that is well cited, and which has multiple authors like, for example, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25352553\/\">\u2018STRING v10: Protein-protein interaction networks, integrated over the tree of life\u2019<\/a>. This article is just outside the all time top 10 list for Denmark, but on the top 10 for the University of Copenhagen.\r\n<blockquote>The citation indices are not only measuring the field, they are ... changing the game.\r\n<p class=\"quotee\">Claus Emmeche, associate professor<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n\u00bbNew findings nowadays need to integrate different tools and competences and this can be seen in the titles. \u2018The protein-protein\u2019 article is not only chemistry but also network science, and each of these scientific communities will gain from the work, and scientists from each of the fields will cite the article,\u00ab Claus Emmeche says.\r\n\r\nThe Higgs Boson paper with the thousands of authors is another example of multiple authorship, in this case to an extreme degree.\r\n\r\n\u00bbThere again you have fundamental physics, but also communities of applied physicists, engineers building the machinery, computer scientists analysing the data,\u00ab says Claus Emmeche.\r\n<h3>Changes the focus of science<\/h3>\r\nThere may be a correlation between a paper\u2019s \u2018impact\u2019 on a scientific field and its high numbers of citations. But of course there are other ways to measure impact, and a paper may have been important even though it does not score high on the citation rankings.\r\n\r\nAnd the measuring, indexing and ranking \u2014like what the University Post is doing with this article \u2014 subtly changes how science is practiced, according to Claus Emmeche.\r\n\r\n\u00bbIt becomes problematic when you install these indices to evaluate science. When scientists ask for funding, they are checked for their \u2018h-index\u2019 and their citation numbers. Scientists in turn then attempt to manipulate their publishing practices to boost their own h-index scores. So the citation indices are not only measuring the field, they are ever so slightly changing the game. It changes the focus of science. It becomes a part of the competition game for scientists.\u00ab\r\n\r\n<em>You can see the University Post <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/the-top-10-most-cited-scientific-articles-from-denmark\">top 10 list here.<\/a><\/strong><\/em>\n<!-- end of module 1 -->\n","post_title":"Danish numbers reveal how scientists get cited by other scientists","post_excerpt":"The scientific articles that are cited by many other scientists are seen as having a high 'impact'. But articles are not just cited by other scientists because they are important for their field and for society. And citation counts subtly change the 'competition of science,' says a professor in the history of science.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"danish-numbers-reveal-how-scientists-get-cited-by-other-scientists","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-12-20 14:33:33","post_modified_gmt":"2021-12-20 13:33:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/?p=127192","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}}],"category":false,"theme":false,"number_of_posts":"4","style":"default"}]},"taxonomyData":{"category":[{"term_id":4539,"name":"Working environment","slug":"arbejdsmiljoe-en","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":4539,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":95,"filter":"raw"}],"post_tag":[{"term_id":5353,"name":"#pleasedontstealmywork","slug":"pleasedontstealmywork-en","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":5353,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":3,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":400,"name":"research","slug":"research","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":400,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":27,"filter":"raw"}],"post_format":[],"expression":[{"term_id":16,"name":"Opinion","slug":"opinion","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":16,"taxonomy":"expression","description":"","parent":0,"count":2042,"filter":"raw"}],"translation_priority":[]},"featured_media_url":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/gritt-1280x1707.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/132254","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/85"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=132254"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/132254\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":132263,"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/132254\/revisions\/132263"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/131718"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=132254"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=132254"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=132254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}