
{"id":194874,"date":"2026-10-27T09:32:07","date_gmt":"2026-10-27T08:32:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/ai-propaganda-og-tiktok-radikalisering-forskningsprojekt-om-antisemitisme-i-danmark-er-nu-i-gang\/"},"modified":"2026-11-02T13:29:49","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T12:29:49","slug":"ai-propaganda-and-tiktok-radicalisation-research-project-on-antisemitism-in-denmark-has-started","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/ai-propaganda-and-tiktok-radicalisation-research-project-on-antisemitism-in-denmark-has-started\/","title":{"rendered":"AI propaganda and TikTok radicalisation: Research project on antisemitism in Denmark has started"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>When Sofie Lene Bak and her colleagues inaugurated the <em>National Forum for the Study of Antisemitism<\/em> at South Campus on 30 September this year, they did so under police protection.<\/p>\n<p>According to Sofie Lene Bak, an associate professor of history at the Saxo Institute and head of the project, the circumstances underline why a research forum dedicated to the study of antisemitism is needed:<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbJews are, after all, the only minority in Denmark who have to send their children to a school behind barbed wire and a three-metre-high fence. Even when you inaugurate a centre for antisemitism research at the University of Copenhagen, it has to happen under police protection,\u00ab she says.<\/p>\n<div class=\"factbox\">\n<p class=\"factbox-header feature-color\">The survey \u2018Jewish Life in Denmark\u2019<\/p>\n<p>In a 2025 <a href=\"https:\/\/menneskeret.dk\/viden\/udgivelser\/joedisk-liv-danmark\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">survey<\/a> by the Danish Institute for Human Rights, <strong>96 per cent of the Danish Jews surveyed<\/strong> said that within the past year they had experienced or witnessed antisemitism online or in public spaces.<\/p>\n<p>39 per cent said they had been subjected to threats, harassment or violence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The forum is a collaboration between the University of Copenhagen and Roskilde University.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dff.dk\/om-fonden\/nyheder-og-presse\/alle-nyheder\/nyheder\/2025\/december\/ny-viden-om-antisemitisme-i-en-kompleks-samtid\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In december<\/a> 2025, it received DKK 11.9 million from the Independent Research Fund Denmark.<\/p>\n<p>The area has had political attention. The parties behind the <a href=\"https:\/\/fudm.dk\/media\/o2qfwvqh\/aftaler-om-forskning-og-innovation-2026-2029.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2026\u20132029 research reserve agreement<\/a> wrote antisemitism research into the agreement as a separate item, agreeing to allocate DKK 12 million to research in the field in 2026.<\/p>\n<p>The money will go to public outreach, networking, and investigating three areas with an \u00bburgent need for new knowledge,\u00ab as Sofie Lene Bak puts it: historical continuity, opinion formation, and Danish Jews\u2019 experiences of antisemitism.<\/p>\n<p>What is already known is that antisemitism is on the move.<\/p>\n<p>And it is moving fast, says Sofie Lene Bak.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbIt has accelerated enormously since 2023. Certain ways of thinking and talking about Jews have become mainstream in a very short time,\u00ab she says.<\/p>\n<h3>Explosive definitions<\/h3>\n<p>The research field is politically fraught. According to Sofie Lene Bak, this is mainly due to the war in Gaza. But shying away from the subject helps no one, she says. And even if every instinct may resist, she has no intention of steering clear of the most heated areas.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbWe have to take the bull by the horns and go where it hurts the most, and where it is most sensitive and politically fraught. Otherwise we lack courage as researchers,\u00ab she says.<\/p>\n<p>One disagreement concerns the very concept itself. Not whether antisemitism exists, but what it means.<\/p>\n<p>This is also why the project does not work from the IHRA definition of antisemitism, which several countries \u2014 including Denmark \u2014 have endorsed.<\/p>\n<div class=\"factbox\">\n<p class=\"factbox-header feature-color\">The IHRA definition<\/p>\n<p>The <em>International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance<\/em> (IHRA) defines antisemitism as \u00bba certain perception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jews. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of antisemitism are directed toward Jewish or non-Jewish individuals and\/or their property, toward Jewish community institutions and religious facilities.\u00ab<\/p>\n<p>The definition has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altinget.dk\/artikel\/kaere-regering-joeder-er-ikke-staten-israel-og-antisemitisme-er-ikke-israelkritik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">been criticised<\/a> for including examples that equate criticism of Israel with antisemitism.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Instead, Sofie Lene Bak and her colleagues will use definitions that can distinguish between discourse and effect \u2014 something that \u00bbpolitical definitions\u00ab fail to capture, according to the researcher.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbDiscourse is one thing \u2014 that is, symbols and rhetoric. Another is the experience of antisemitism and its consequences \u2014 that is, the effect,\u00ab she says.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbIf we decide in advance that something is antisemitic, we cut ourselves off from analysing why. The IHRA definition states, for example, that comparisons between Israel and Nazism can be antisemitic. If we as researchers accept that premise, we are deciding that something is antisemitism before we have even examined it. That\u2019s of no interest, because what we are trying to do is explain why,\u00ab says Sofie Lene Bak.<\/p>\n<h3>New terrain<\/h3>\n<p>Antisemitism is no longer confined to the dark corners of society, with clandestine pamphlets, jackboots and shaved heads.<\/p>\n<p>It has spread, says Sofie Lene Bak, and one of the project\u2019s tasks is to draw attention to precisely this.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbMany people think of antisemitism as something that belongs in neo-Nazi circles. But it has moved to the left wing and to Islamist circles, and it has become a mainstream phenomenon,\u00ab she says.<\/p>\n<p>The finger points mainly at the internet.<br \/>\n<!-- end of module 1 --><br \/>\nIn the pre-digital age, neo-Nazi movements in Denmark faced a built-in dilemma. They needed to spread their message, but they were also up against strong public condemnation. After a period of violent confrontations with the public in the 1990s, they settled for whispering in corners and slipping pamphlets through letterboxes.<\/p>\n<p>The problem disappeared once they could gather online: Faces vanished behind made-up usernames, and their reach became global.<\/p>\n<p>But this turned out to be a challenge for the neo-Nazi organisations, says Sofie Lene Bak:<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbThey did what they could to keep up with developments, with digital newsletters and websites. But the neo-Nazi movement in Denmark was an old-fashioned party with a strong hierarchical structure. It fell apart because of the internet.\u00ab<\/p>\n<p>The communities became looser and less hierarchical, and they found new platforms. One of these new communities is aimed specifically at young people, and this makes Sofie Lene Bak \u00bbreally worried\u00ab:<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbChatrooms in computer games and social media have become places where young people can be exposed to antisemitic content and be very heavily influenced by it.\u00ab<\/p>\n<p>The researcher stresses, however, that it would be a mistake to reduce online radicalisation to a youth problem:<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbYou also see a lot of adults on the internet leaving their manners and judgement at the door \u2014 it just happens on Facebook instead of on Discord or TikTok.\u00ab<\/p>\n<h3>AI propaganda<\/h3>\n<p>The antisemitism that thrives in chatrooms and on social media is often visual and subtle. But this is nothing new, says Sofie Lene Bak.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbJews have been a stock figure ever since humour magazines first appeared. One of the reasons why modern antisemitic memes work so well is that they draw on an antisemitic cultural heritage,\u00ab she says.<br \/>\n<!-- end of module 2 --><br \/>\nOne example is the caricature of Jews as having big noses, the researcher says.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbIt\u2019s not a trait that has any basis in reality. But it is meant to emphasise a foreignness and ugliness in Jews in order to create distance.\u00ab<\/p>\n<p>The same goes for the association between Jews and money, she says.<\/p>\n<p>In the past, this typically took the form of drawings of Jews with a money bag. Today it is expressed by linking the dollar sign with the Star of David.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>For an antisemitism researcher, this is extremely frightening<\/p>\n<p class=\"quotee\">Sofie Lene Bak<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>When the messages are subtle and wrapped in humour, we lower our guard. This contributes to a normalisation that can make antisemitic content mainstream.<\/p>\n<p>On top of this comes a new and almost overwhelming challenge.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbArtificial intelligence was only mentioned in passing in our original application. But now \u2014 more than two years later \u2014 the picture is somewhat different,\u00ab says Sofie Lene Bak.<\/p>\n<p>According to the researcher, the problem has several facets. Many people can now produce fake images and videos. At the same time, few people are able to tell when something is AI-generated, she says.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbFor an antisemitism researcher, this is extremely frightening.\u00ab<\/p>\n<p>Extremism research shows that exposure to large amounts of visual antisemitic content contributes to radicalisation processes, says Sofie Lene Bak.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbIt\u2019s hard to say for certain how far it is from thought to action, but emotional engagement and anger increase the risk of violent action.\u00ab<\/p>\n<h3>Feeling it herself<\/h3>\n<p>Sofie Lene Bak makes no secret of the fact that the field can be a tough one to work in.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbAt times it\u2019s difficult. There are a lot of emotions involved, and the debate on social media quickly becomes very harsh and very personal.\u00ab<\/p>\n<p>Weekendavisen recently shared <a href=\"https:\/\/www.weekendavisen.dk\/boeger\/joedehad-i-tekoppen?gaa_at=eafs&amp;gaa_n=AXbw80RCyeQwagB4LMiZYJYt0QlsDaAeq0B_vzJ6CNcIhkrIJKam6vvBzQrWC6HH4g%3D%3D&amp;gaa_ts=6ad20662&amp;gaa_sig=SzrvYMIHwe-KGG7vBTMFJTwMg_EkX5v9QwbwP55o2Svlv7QLluMmjptkMNb_gYdqg5reYJn2CwO8pY6rc1oc-Q%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an article<\/a> on social media in which Sofie Lene Bak was interviewed about her research into antisemitic stereotypes in Agatha Christie\u2019s novels. The comments became so vicious that the newspaper had to moderate them heavily.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbThey go after me very specifically and try to undermine my credibility as a researcher. It\u2019s really unpleasant,\u00ab she says.<\/p>\n<p>According to Sofie Lene Bak, this is linked to a widespread assumption about the political views of antisemitism researchers.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbPeople have preconceived ideas about what motivates me. That I\u2019m pro-Israel and a Zionist because I research antisemitism.\u00ab<\/p>\n<p>To counter misunderstandings and speculation about motives, the research project will also serve as a centre for public outreach, with public lectures, a podcast and publications in Danish aimed at a broad audience.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbWhen we try to reach a large audience, it is also to invite debate and self-reflection. We have to open up discussions, however difficult they may be,\u00ab says Sofie Lene Bak.<\/p>\n<p><em>This article was translated with the assistance of artificial intelligence and subsequently reviewed by a member of the editorial staff.<\/em><br \/>\n<!-- end of module 3 --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A new DKK 11.9 million research project between UCPH and Roskilde University will examine antisemitism in Denmark. In three areas there is an \u00bburgent need for new knowledge,\u00ab says the project leader.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":194608,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[8950,6866,400,8951],"class_list":["post-194874","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","tag-antisemitism","tag-antisemitisme-en","tag-research","tag-sofie-lene-bak","expression-news_article"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>AI propaganda and TikTok radicalisation: Research project on antisemitism in Denmark has started<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/ai-propaganda-and-tiktok-radicalisation-research-project-on-antisemitism-in-denmark-has-started\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"AI propaganda and TikTok radicalisation: Research project on antisemitism in Denmark has started\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A new DKK 11.9 million research project between UCPH and Roskilde University will examine antisemitism in Denmark. 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terrorangrebet mod Krudtt\u00f8nden og"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/ai-propaganda-and-tiktok-radicalisation-research-project-on-antisemitism-in-denmark-has-started\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"AI propaganda and TikTok radicalisation: Research project on antisemitism in Denmark has started"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/#website","url":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/","name":"University Post","description":"Independent of 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Granau"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/"],"url":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/author\/malthe_granau\/"}]}},"advancedCustomFields":{"expression":{"term_id":15,"name":"News Article","slug":"news_article","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":15,"taxonomy":"expression","description":"","parent":0,"count":11554,"filter":"raw"},"enable_comments":true,"align_content":"alignleft","feature_color":"","article_updated":"","layout_group":[{"acf_fc_layout":"Headline","use_post_title":true,"headline":"","style":"default","highlighted_words":"","text_size":"small"},{"acf_fc_layout":"Image","image":{"ID":194607,"id":194607,"title":"Synagogen","filename":"synagogen-scaled.jpg","filesize":1034140,"url":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/synagogen-scaled.jpg","link":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/ai-propaganda-og-tiktok-radikalisering-forskningsprojekt-om-antisemitisme-i-danmark-er-nu-i-gang-2\/synagogen\/","alt":"","author":"110","description":"Siden terrorangrebet mod Krudtt\u00f8nden og K\u00f8benhavns Synagoge i 2015 har synagogen p\u00e5 Krystalgade v\u00e6ret bevogtet af politiet. Siden 2023 har soldater fra Den Kongelige Livgarde hjulpet til med opgaven.","caption":"Siden terrorangrebet mod Krudtt\u00f8nden og K\u00f8benhavns Synagoge i 2015 har synagogen p\u00e5 Krystalgade v\u00e6ret bevogtet af politiet. Siden 2023 har soldater fra Den Kongelige Livgarde hjulpet til med bevogtningen.","name":"synagogen","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":194586,"date":"2026-10-26 11:53:27","modified":"2026-10-27 10:08:30","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":2560,"height":1920,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/synagogen-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/synagogen-480x360.jpg","medium-width":480,"medium-height":360,"medium_large":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/synagogen-768x576.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":576,"large":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/synagogen-1280x960.jpg","large-width":1280,"large-height":960,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/synagogen-1536x1152.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1152,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/synagogen-2048x1536.jpg","2048x2048-width":2048,"2048x2048-height":1536,"featured-soft":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/synagogen-290x218.jpg","featured-soft-width":290,"featured-soft-height":218,"featured-hard":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/synagogen-290x180.jpg","featured-hard-width":290,"featured-hard-height":180,"narrow":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/synagogen-700x525.jpg","narrow-width":700,"narrow-height":525,"extended":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/synagogen-990x743.jpg","extended-width":990,"extended-height":743}},"style":"extended","text_placement":"metadata-below","image_link_url":"","image_link_title":"","caption_prefix":"","enable_alternative_caption":true,"alternative_caption":"Since the 2015 terrorist attacks on the Krudtt\u00f8nden cultural centre and Copenhagen\u2019s synagogue, the synagogue in Krystalgade has been guarded by police. Since 2023, soldiers from the Royal Life Guards have helped guard it."},{"acf_fc_layout":"Standfirst","subject":"Antisemitism","text":"Med 11,9 millioner kroner skal nyt forskningsprojekt mellem KU og RUC unders\u00f8ge antisemitisme i Danmark. P\u00e5 tre omr\u00e5der er der \u00bbakut behov for ny viden,\u00ab siger leder for projektet.","use_post_excerpt":true},{"acf_fc_layout":"Byline","is_author":true,"contributors":false},{"acf_fc_layout":"Content","content":"<p>When Sofie Lene Bak and her colleagues inaugurated the <em>National Forum for the Study of Antisemitism<\/em> at South Campus on 30 September this year, they did so under police protection.<\/p>\n<p>According to Sofie Lene Bak, an associate professor of history at the Saxo Institute and head of the project, the circumstances underline why a research forum dedicated to the study of antisemitism is needed:<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbJews are, after all, the only minority in Denmark who have to send their children to a school behind barbed wire and a three-metre-high fence. Even when you inaugurate a centre for antisemitism research at the University of Copenhagen, it has to happen under police protection,\u00ab she says.<\/p>\n<div class=\"factbox\">\n<p class=\"factbox-header feature-color\">The survey \u2018Jewish Life in Denmark\u2019<\/p>\n<p>In a 2025 <a href=\"https:\/\/menneskeret.dk\/viden\/udgivelser\/joedisk-liv-danmark\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">survey<\/a> by the Danish Institute for Human Rights, <strong>96 per cent of the Danish Jews surveyed<\/strong> said that within the past year they had experienced or witnessed antisemitism online or in public spaces.<\/p>\n<p>39 per cent said they had been subjected to threats, harassment or violence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The forum is a collaboration between the University of Copenhagen and Roskilde University.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dff.dk\/om-fonden\/nyheder-og-presse\/alle-nyheder\/nyheder\/2025\/december\/ny-viden-om-antisemitisme-i-en-kompleks-samtid\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In december<\/a> 2025, it received DKK 11.9 million from the Independent Research Fund Denmark.<\/p>\n<p>The area has had political attention. The parties behind the <a href=\"https:\/\/fudm.dk\/media\/o2qfwvqh\/aftaler-om-forskning-og-innovation-2026-2029.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2026\u20132029 research reserve agreement<\/a> wrote antisemitism research into the agreement as a separate item, agreeing to allocate DKK 12 million to research in the field in 2026.<\/p>\n<p>The money will go to public outreach, networking, and investigating three areas with an \u00bburgent need for new knowledge,\u00ab as Sofie Lene Bak puts it: historical continuity, opinion formation, and Danish Jews\u2019 experiences of antisemitism.<\/p>\n<p>What is already known is that antisemitism is on the move.<\/p>\n<p>And it is moving fast, says Sofie Lene Bak.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbIt has accelerated enormously since 2023. Certain ways of thinking and talking about Jews have become mainstream in a very short time,\u00ab she says.<\/p>\n<h3>Explosive definitions<\/h3>\n<p>The research field is politically fraught. According to Sofie Lene Bak, this is mainly due to the war in Gaza. But shying away from the subject helps no one, she says. And even if every instinct may resist, she has no intention of steering clear of the most heated areas.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbWe have to take the bull by the horns and go where it hurts the most, and where it is most sensitive and politically fraught. Otherwise we lack courage as researchers,\u00ab she says.<\/p>\n<p>One disagreement concerns the very concept itself. Not whether antisemitism exists, but what it means.<\/p>\n<p>This is also why the project does not work from the IHRA definition of antisemitism, which several countries \u2014 including Denmark \u2014 have endorsed.<\/p>\n<div class=\"factbox\">\n<p class=\"factbox-header feature-color\">The IHRA definition<\/p>\n<p>The <em>International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance<\/em> (IHRA) defines antisemitism as \u00bba certain perception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jews. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of antisemitism are directed toward Jewish or non-Jewish individuals and\/or their property, toward Jewish community institutions and religious facilities.\u00ab<\/p>\n<p>The definition has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altinget.dk\/artikel\/kaere-regering-joeder-er-ikke-staten-israel-og-antisemitisme-er-ikke-israelkritik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">been criticised<\/a> for including examples that equate criticism of Israel with antisemitism.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Instead, Sofie Lene Bak and her colleagues will use definitions that can distinguish between discourse and effect \u2014 something that \u00bbpolitical definitions\u00ab fail to capture, according to the researcher.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbDiscourse is one thing \u2014 that is, symbols and rhetoric. Another is the experience of antisemitism and its consequences \u2014 that is, the effect,\u00ab she says.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbIf we decide in advance that something is antisemitic, we cut ourselves off from analysing why. The IHRA definition states, for example, that comparisons between Israel and Nazism can be antisemitic. If we as researchers accept that premise, we are deciding that something is antisemitism before we have even examined it. That\u2019s of no interest, because what we are trying to do is explain why,\u00ab says Sofie Lene Bak.<\/p>\n<h3>New terrain<\/h3>\n<p>Antisemitism is no longer confined to the dark corners of society, with clandestine pamphlets, jackboots and shaved heads.<\/p>\n<p>It has spread, says Sofie Lene Bak, and one of the project\u2019s tasks is to draw attention to precisely this.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbMany people think of antisemitism as something that belongs in neo-Nazi circles. But it has moved to the left wing and to Islamist circles, and it has become a mainstream phenomenon,\u00ab she says.<\/p>\n<p>The finger points mainly at the internet.<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"Quote","quote":"One of the reasons why modern antisemitic memes work so well is that they draw on an antisemitic cultural heritage","quotee":"Sofie Lene Bak, antisemitism researcher","style":"extended"},{"acf_fc_layout":"Content","content":"<p>In the pre-digital age, neo-Nazi movements in Denmark faced a built-in dilemma. They needed to spread their message, but they were also up against strong public condemnation. After a period of violent confrontations with the public in the 1990s, they settled for whispering in corners and slipping pamphlets through letterboxes.<\/p>\n<p>The problem disappeared once they could gather online: Faces vanished behind made-up usernames, and their reach became global.<\/p>\n<p>But this turned out to be a challenge for the neo-Nazi organisations, says Sofie Lene Bak:<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbThey did what they could to keep up with developments, with digital newsletters and websites. But the neo-Nazi movement in Denmark was an old-fashioned party with a strong hierarchical structure. It fell apart because of the internet.\u00ab<\/p>\n<p>The communities became looser and less hierarchical, and they found new platforms. One of these new communities is aimed specifically at young people, and this makes Sofie Lene Bak \u00bbreally worried\u00ab:<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbChatrooms in computer games and social media have become places where young people can be exposed to antisemitic content and be very heavily influenced by it.\u00ab<\/p>\n<p>The researcher stresses, however, that it would be a mistake to reduce online radicalisation to a youth problem:<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbYou also see a lot of adults on the internet leaving their manners and judgement at the door \u2014 it just happens on Facebook instead of on Discord or TikTok.\u00ab<\/p>\n<h3>AI propaganda<\/h3>\n<p>The antisemitism that thrives in chatrooms and on social media is often visual and subtle. But this is nothing new, says Sofie Lene Bak.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbJews have been a stock figure ever since humour magazines first appeared. One of the reasons why modern antisemitic memes work so well is that they draw on an antisemitic cultural heritage,\u00ab she says.<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"Image","image":{"ID":194591,"id":194591,"title":"Untitled Design","filename":"untitleddesign.jpg","filesize":1151397,"url":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/untitleddesign.jpg","link":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/ai-propaganda-og-tiktok-radikalisering-forskningsprojekt-om-antisemitisme-i-danmark-er-nu-i-gang-2\/untitled-design\/","alt":"","author":"110","description":"","caption":"","name":"untitled-design","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":194586,"date":"2026-10-26 09:48:58","modified":"2026-10-26 09:50:54","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":2000,"height":1414,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/untitleddesign-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/untitleddesign-480x339.jpg","medium-width":480,"medium-height":339,"medium_large":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/untitleddesign-768x543.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":543,"large":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/untitleddesign-1280x905.jpg","large-width":1280,"large-height":905,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/untitleddesign-1536x1086.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1086,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/untitleddesign.jpg","2048x2048-width":2000,"2048x2048-height":1414,"featured-soft":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/untitleddesign-290x205.jpg","featured-soft-width":290,"featured-soft-height":205,"featured-hard":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/untitleddesign-290x180.jpg","featured-hard-width":290,"featured-hard-height":180,"narrow":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/untitleddesign-700x495.jpg","narrow-width":700,"narrow-height":495,"extended":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/untitleddesign-990x700.jpg","extended-width":990,"extended-height":700}},"style":"narrow","text_placement":"metadata-below","image_link_url":"","image_link_title":"","caption_prefix":"","enable_alternative_caption":true,"alternative_caption":"On the left, a drawing from the Danish antisemitic magazine \u2018Kamptegnet\u2019 from 1942. On the right, the antisemitic meme \u2018The Happy Merchant\u2019."},{"acf_fc_layout":"Content","content":"<p>One example is the caricature of Jews as having big noses, the researcher says.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbIt\u2019s not a trait that has any basis in reality. But it is meant to emphasise a foreignness and ugliness in Jews in order to create distance.\u00ab<\/p>\n<p>The same goes for the association between Jews and money, she says.<\/p>\n<p>In the past, this typically took the form of drawings of Jews with a money bag. Today it is expressed by linking the dollar sign with the Star of David.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>For an antisemitism researcher, this is extremely frightening<\/p>\n<p class=\"quotee\">Sofie Lene Bak<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>When the messages are subtle and wrapped in humour, we lower our guard. This contributes to a normalisation that can make antisemitic content mainstream.<\/p>\n<p>On top of this comes a new and almost overwhelming challenge.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbArtificial intelligence was only mentioned in passing in our original application. But now \u2014 more than two years later \u2014 the picture is somewhat different,\u00ab says Sofie Lene Bak.<\/p>\n<p>According to the researcher, the problem has several facets. Many people can now produce fake images and videos. At the same time, few people are able to tell when something is AI-generated, she says.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbFor an antisemitism researcher, this is extremely frightening.\u00ab<\/p>\n<p>Extremism research shows that exposure to large amounts of visual antisemitic content contributes to radicalisation processes, says Sofie Lene Bak.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbIt\u2019s hard to say for certain how far it is from thought to action, but emotional engagement and anger increase the risk of violent action.\u00ab<\/p>\n<h3>Feeling it herself<\/h3>\n<p>Sofie Lene Bak makes no secret of the fact that the field can be a tough one to work in.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbAt times it\u2019s difficult. There are a lot of emotions involved, and the debate on social media quickly becomes very harsh and very personal.\u00ab<\/p>\n<p>Weekendavisen recently shared <a href=\"https:\/\/www.weekendavisen.dk\/boeger\/joedehad-i-tekoppen?gaa_at=eafs&amp;gaa_n=AXbw80RCyeQwagB4LMiZYJYt0QlsDaAeq0B_vzJ6CNcIhkrIJKam6vvBzQrWC6HH4g%3D%3D&amp;gaa_ts=6ad20662&amp;gaa_sig=SzrvYMIHwe-KGG7vBTMFJTwMg_EkX5v9QwbwP55o2Svlv7QLluMmjptkMNb_gYdqg5reYJn2CwO8pY6rc1oc-Q%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an article<\/a> on social media in which Sofie Lene Bak was interviewed about her research into antisemitic stereotypes in Agatha Christie\u2019s novels. The comments became so vicious that the newspaper had to moderate them heavily.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbThey go after me very specifically and try to undermine my credibility as a researcher. It\u2019s really unpleasant,\u00ab she says.<\/p>\n<p>According to Sofie Lene Bak, this is linked to a widespread assumption about the political views of antisemitism researchers.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbPeople have preconceived ideas about what motivates me. That I\u2019m pro-Israel and a Zionist because I research antisemitism.\u00ab<\/p>\n<p>To counter misunderstandings and speculation about motives, the research project will also serve as a centre for public outreach, with public lectures, a podcast and publications in Danish aimed at a broad audience.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bbWhen we try to reach a large audience, it is also to invite debate and self-reflection. We have to open up discussions, however difficult they may be,\u00ab says Sofie Lene Bak.<\/p>\n<p><em>This article was translated with the assistance of artificial intelligence and subsequently reviewed by a member of the editorial staff.<\/em><\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"ArticleEnd"},{"acf_fc_layout":"Newsletter","lang_select":"da","identifier":"Nyhedsbrev","headline":"Modtag et ugentligt nyhedsoverblik i din inbox","button_text":"Tilmeld nu","class":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"OtherStories","headline":"","hand_picked_posts":false,"references":false,"category":false,"theme":false,"number_of_posts":"4","style":"default"}]},"taxonomyData":{"category":[{"term_id":46,"name":"Science","slug":"science","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":46,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":842,"filter":"raw"}],"post_tag":[{"term_id":8950,"name":"antisemitism","slug":"antisemitism","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":8950,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":6866,"name":"antisemitisme","slug":"antisemitisme-en","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":6866,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":400,"name":"research","slug":"research","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":400,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":28,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":8951,"name":"Sofie Lene Bak","slug":"sofie-lene-bak","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":8951,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw"}],"post_format":[],"expression":[{"term_id":15,"name":"News Article","slug":"news_article","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":15,"taxonomy":"expression","description":"","parent":0,"count":11554,"filter":"raw"}]},"featured_media_url":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/synagogen-1280x960.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/194874","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/110"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=194874"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/194874\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":194888,"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/194874\/revisions\/194888"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/194608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=194874"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=194874"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uniavisen.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=194874"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}